Dɛn ne Opal

Opal yɛ mineral silic a ɛnyɛ ahwehwɛ. Opal ne ahwehwɛ a wɔtaa yɛ te sɛ quartz ne agate wɔ abusuabɔ. Ɛsono opal efisɛ wɔde silica a ɛnyɛ nsɛso na ɛyɛ sen nea efi ahwehwɛ a ɛwɔ afã horow a efi abɔde mu na ɛyɛ. Nnuru a ɛwɔ opal mu ne SiO2H2O, silicon dioxide a wɔde nsuo afra mu (opal ɔboɔ bi betumi akura nsuo a ɛkɔduru 30%.) Wɔsusu Opal Moh no denden dodoɔ wɔ 6.0 kɔsi 6.5 wɔ nsenia a ɛte sɛ quartz a ɛyɛ den no so. Opal dodow no ara adi boro mfe ɔpepem 65 kosi ɔpepem 145 na wohu wɔ Cretaceous abotan a na ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ bere a na dinosaur kyinkyin asase so no mu.

Wɔtaa hu opal wɔ mmeae a ɛbɛn asase ani wɔ mmeae a bere bi na tete nsu a ɛyɛ hyew a efi asase mu no sen no. Aboɔden abo no puepue fii asase ase na ɛde nkakrankakra wɔ mfehaha pii mu no hyehyɛɛ abotan a ɛwɔ abotan no mu no afasu. Wiase no mu gem opals a ɛyɛ papa no bɛboro 90% fi Australia Anafo fam, ɛwom sɛ wobetumi ahu wɔ wiase mmeae afoforo te sɛ Ethiopia, Brazil, Mexico, Czechoslovakia ne Nevada de. Opal tuntum nyinaa fi Australia nkutoo.

Sɛ yɛbɛkyerɛkyerɛ opal mu wɔ asɔremma nsɛm mu a, ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ den (ɛwɔ aboɔden abo su, nanso ɛnyɛ biako) a ɛyɛ den fi nnuru a wɔfrɛ no silicon dioxide a efi ntokuru a ɛwɔ afifide, nnua, ne nnompe a ɛreporɔw mu no mu. Wɔ nyansahu kwan so no, wonim opal sɛ SiO2·nH2O, na ɛde silicon dioxide fra nsu. Nea ɛnte sɛ aboɔden abo afoforo no, opal wɔ ahorow pii – fitaa, bruu, kɔkɔɔ, tuntum, ne mpo enni kɔla. Ne su soronko koraa ne sɛ ɛda spektrum no kɔla ahorow a efi hann a ɛfa mu no ntwitwiridii ne nea ɛtwetwe mu ba no nyinaa adi. Ɔkwan foforo so no, opal a ɛyɛ nyankontɔn a ɛhyerɛn no, sɛnea ɛte wɔ bere a wohu no ho no, bɛkɔ na asakra kɛse a egyina baabi a wɔhwɛ ɔbo no so.

Opal Ahorow Ahorow

Opal ahodoɔ titire mmienu na ɛwɔ hɔ - a ɛsom boɔ na ɛtaa ba. Opal a ɛsom bo da su a wɔfrɛ no “play-of-color” adi, na sɛ wɔde toto ho a, ɛho yɛ na. Opal a wɔtaa de di dwuma no yɛ nea ɛyɛ kusuu na mfaso nni so na edɔɔso wɔ wiase nyinaa. Opal a wɔtaa de di dwuma no nna kɔla ho agoru adi. Sɛ wohu opal a wɔtaa de di dwuma ne opal a ɛsom bo a, wɔfrɛ no potch. Opal a wotu fi opal mfuw mu nyinaa mu bɛyɛ 95% yɛ nea wɔtaa yɛ anaasɛ potch, titiriw no kɔla biako. 5% a aka no wɔ kɔla bi, nanso bɛyɛ 95% yɛ nea ɛyɛ mediocre grade. Enti, bɛyɛ 0.25% pɛ na ɛwɔ boɔ ankasa biara koraa. Opal ahorow afoforo no bi ne Fire Opal a ɛyɛ mmerɛw kosi nea ɛyɛ hann, opal bruu a wɔfrɛ no Peruvian Opal, ne Girasol opal a efi Mexico titiriw, na ɛda bruu a ɛhyerɛn anaa ɛhyerɛn adi a edi hann fibea a atwa ho ahyia a ɛnyɛ a agoru a wɔde kɔla di agoru.

Opal Yɛ Sedimentary

Opal yɛ aboɔden abo kakraa bi a efi ase yɛ nsu a ɛtɔ gu fam no mu biako. Nsu ɔha biara mu nkyem 6 kosi 10 da so ara wɔ opal mu, na ɛyɛ saa tete po no nkae. Sikakɔkɔɔ pannerfo a wɔwɔ Australia huu opal a ɛsom bo asinasin kakraa bi a edi kan wɔ 1863. Opal a wɔtɔn a ɛyɛ den wɔ wiase no mu ɔha biara mu nkyem kɛse fi Australia, na mmeae abiɛsa a ɛda nsow wɔ hɔ a opal fi. Eyinom ne Lightning Ridge (opal tuntum fie) South Australia mfuw Coober Pedy, Mintabie, Lambina ne Andamooka (a ɛyɛ hann base opal fibea titiriw) ne Queensland mfuw, baabi a boulder opal fi ase.

Opalescence a wɔde yɛ adwuma

Ade a ɛyɛ nwonwa sen biara wɔ opal ho ne sɛnea etumi dannan kɔla ahorow na ɛda asorɔkye tenten pɔtee bi adi. Nokwarem no, wɔde asɛmfua “opalescence” bae de kyerɛkyerɛɛ adeyɛ yi mu. Silica kurukuruwa a ɛnyɛ nsɛso a ɛwɔ ɔbo no mu no kɛse ne nea ɛda ntam no ma hann asorɔkye tenten pɔtee bi dannan; kurukuruwa biara a ɛpaapae spektral kɔla biako a ɛho tew te sɛ nsu nketenkete a ɛwɔ nyankontɔn mu no ara pɛ. Hann asorɔkye tenten kronkron yi a wɔde di nkitaho no ma opal yɛ nea ɛyɛ soronko wɔ aniwa so na ɛma ɛyɛ aboɔden abo a wɔhwehwɛ sen biara wɔ wiase no mu biako.

Abakɔsɛm a Ɛfa Opal Ho

Opals kura wim anwonwade - nyankontɔn a ɛhyerɛn, ogyaframa ne anyinam. Te sɛ wim no opal kɔla ahorow no sesa na ɛhyerɛn bere a wɔde kankyee no, kɔla ne nsusuwii ahorow a wɔaka abom no kyerɛ sɛ opal biara yɛ soronko. Wodii kan huu black opal wɔ Australia wɔ 1800 mfe no awiei mu hɔ. Ansa na wɔrehu no na wiase no nim crystal opal a wɔtaa tu wɔ Europa Apuei fam nkutoo. Ahemfo mmusua pii wɔ abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu abu opal sɛ ɛsom bo titiriw wɔ Europa ne Afrika. Opal a akyɛ sen biara a wɔayɛ ho kyerɛwtohɔ no, fam tutufo Louis Leakey a wagye din a ohuu opal nneɛma a adi mfe mpem asia wɔ ɔbodan bi mu wɔ Kenya no! Roma abakɔsɛm kyerɛwfo Pliny kaa opal ho asɛm ma ɛfatae sɛ aboɔden abo hemmaa, efisɛ opal yɛ aboɔden abo afoforo nyinaa fɛ a wɔaka abom: “Ogya a ɛyɛ mmerɛw sen ruby ​​wɔ mu, amethyst kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn, ne ɛpo wɔ mu green of the emerald - ne nyinaa hyerɛn bom wɔ nkabom a ɛyɛ nwonwa mu. Ebinom nam wɔn anuonyam so ne mfoniniyɛfo no kɔla di asi, na ebinom nso ne sufre a ɛredɛw anaa ogya a ngo ma ano yɛ den.”

Opal ayɛ nea abakɔsɛm mu din akɛse bi a Cleopatra ne Marc Anthony ka ho ani gye ho. Ná Marc Anthony mfɛfo Roma mmarahyɛ baguafo no mu biako wɔ opal ɔbo bi a ɛkae Marc Cleopatra araa ma na ɛsɛ sɛ onya bi. Bere a Mmarahyɛ Bagua no muni no ampene so sɛ ɔbɛtɔn ama no no ɔde no kɔɔ nnommumfa mu.France Ɔhempɔn Napoleon dii yiye kɛse bere a ɔmaa Josephine opal fɛfɛ a ɛhyerɛn kɔkɔɔ a ɛhyerɛn a wɔfrɛ no “Troy hyew,” na ɛmaa ɔbɛyɛɛ ne Helen.

Ná opal nso agye din wɔ nhoma ahorow mu. Shakespeare de opals agodie a wɔde kɔla di toto adwene mu agodie ho wɔ aboɔden abo sɛnkyerɛnnede a wɔde di dwuma a agye din sen biara wɔ nhoma ahorow mu no mu. Wɔ Twelfth Night mu no, ɔkyerɛw sɛ: “Afei Onyankopɔn a ɔyɛ awerɛhow no bɔ wo ho ban, na ɔpamfo no de taffeta a ɛsesa yɛ wo ntade, efisɛ w’adwene yɛ opal.” Wɔ mfehaha kakraa bi mu no, na ɛte sɛ nea opal yerae wɔ abakɔsɛm mu. Nanso wɔ nnɛyi mmere yi mu no Ɔhemmaa Victoria san kanyan anigye wɔ aboɔden abo no ho. Ná Ɔhemmaa Victoria ani gye opal ho na na ɔtaa de ma sɛ ayeforohyia akyɛde. Ɔne ne mmabea yɛɛ ntadehyɛ a ɛyɛ fɛ maa Opal ntade.

Ɔhemmaa Victoria yɛ wɔn a wodii kan kyerɛɛ opal a efi fibea foforo a ɛyɛ anigye mu ho anisɔ no mu biako: Australia. Australia opal ho asɛm fi ase bɛboro mfe ɔpepem 100 a atwam ni, bere a na Australia mfinimfini fam anhweatam yɛ Po kɛse bi a ɛwɔ Asase Mu, a na nsu a ɛyɛ fĩ a silica ayɛ mu ma atwa ne mpoano ho ahyia no. Bere a ɛpo no twee ne ho na ɛyerae bɛyɛɛ Artesian asubɔnten kɛse no akyi no, wim tebea a ɛkɔɔ so mfe ɔpepem 30 a atwam ni no maa silica no pii gyaee ma ɛbɛyɛɛ ano aduru a ɛhyɛɛ mpaapaemu a ɛwɔ abotan no mu, dɔte a ɛwɔ ntoatoaso mu, ne nnompe binom mpo ma. Saa silica yi bi bɛyɛɛ opal a ɛsom bo.

Australiafo Opal a wɔfrɛ no Opal

Wohu opal titiriw wɔ Australia. 95%, sɛ yɛbɛka no pɛpɛɛpɛ a, wohu wɔ hɔ, na ɛnam so ma opal yɛ ɔman no ɔman aboɔden abo. Wohuu opal a ɛso sen biara na ɛsom bo sen biara, Olympic Australis, wɔ 1956 mu wɔ Coober Pedy kurow a ɛyɛ opal fibea titiriw no mu. Nneɛma afoforo a wonya fi opal ne Ethiopia, Nevada, Idaho, ne Mars mpo, faako a NASA huu opal a ɛwɔ hɔ wɔ afe 2008. Ethiopia opal fi Wollo ne North Shewa Mantam mu. Wollo opal a wɔsan frɛ no “Welo” anaa “Wello” opal no abɛyɛ Ethiopiafo opal titiriw wɔ aboɔden abo aguadi mu. Smithsonian Asoɛe no wɔ he opal tuntum a wɔanhyɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ na wɔayɛ no fɛfɛɛfɛ a ɛsõ sen biara, a abien no nyinaa fi Virgin Valley, Nevada. Wonim opal a wɔanhoro no sɛ “Roebling Opal,” a wohuu no 1917 mu na emu duru yɛ carat 2,585. Wɔfrɛ nea wɔde polish yɛ no “Black Peacock” na emu duru yɛ carat 160.

Mfuw atitiriw a wɔyɛ opal ma black opal ne Lightning Ridge a ɛwɔ New South Wales, Australia, ne Mintabie a ɛwɔ South Australia wɔ ɔkwan ketewaa bi so no. Opal tuntum a wɔhwehwɛ kɛse ne kɔkɔɔ anaasɛ kɔla ahorow pii wɔ tuntum so, a ɛyɛ den yiye sɛ wobenya. Bere nyinaa wotwa abo a ɛte saa wɔ afuw mu na wɔtɔn no ntɛm ara. Boulder opal yɛ opal a ɛyɛ dade abo a ɛyɛ bruu nodule na ɛda nsow efisɛ ɛtaa da adi sɛ opal a ɛyɛ tratraa wɔ bruu tuntum nnyinaso so bere a wɔatwa no. Opal no betumi ayɛ nea ɛkyɛn so koraa. Wɔtaa bu opal a efi Lightning Ridge sɛ ɛyɛ nea eye sen biara na ɛhyerɛn sen biara wɔ wiase.

Opal yɛ aboɔden abo a ɛyɛ fɛ na ɛsom bo sen biara wɔ wiase no mu biako na ɛyɛ aboɔden abo ahorow asia a wɔde dii dwuma wɔ abakɔsɛm nyinaa mu no mu biako, ne abohene, aboɔden abo, safir, emerald, ne nhwene. Wɔfaa asɛmfua ‘opal’ fii Romafo asɛmfua opalus mu, nanso wɔfaa fii Sanskrit asɛmfua úpala mu. Ɛsan yɛ October awobo, nanso, efi afeha a ɛto so 19 mu no, wɔde abata asɛmmɔne ne owu ho esiane ayɛsɛm Anne of Geierstein a ɛde opal di dwuma sɛ asɛm no ho mfiri nti. Ɛmfa ho nea ɛbɛba biara no, ɛda so ara yɛ nea aboɔden abo a wɔboaboa ano no ani gye ho na wɔpɛ ɛmfa ho sɛ gyidihunu a atwa ho ahyia no kura aniwa bɔne no mu, efisɛ ɛyɛ ade fɛfɛ a wɔboaboa ano ma wɔn a wɔn ani gye nneɛma a ɛtete saa ho no.

Sotɔɔ Ma Opal

Black Opal

Crystal Opal

Boulder Opal

Ethiopian Opal